Defense of human rights includes our commitment to address the destructive effects that oppression causes across the world. Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues, Office of the U.S. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 19 U.S.C. I am honored to release the 45th annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and to reaffirm the United States’ commitment to placing human rights at the center of our foreign policy. The Country Reports cover respect for human rights in foreign countries and territories worldwide. These include reports of extrajudicial killing, torture, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions, and the worst forms of restrictions on freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, association, and religion or belief, as well as bias-motivated crimes of violence and similar abuses. Added “(Islas Malvinas)” after references to Falklands or Falkland Islands in Section 7.c, paragraphs 4 and 5. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. Multiple concerned bureaus and offices in the Department of State provide contributions, and the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor prepares a final draft of each Country Report. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-civilian-security-democracy-and-human-rights/office-of-the-special-envoy-to-monitor-and-combat-anti-semitism/, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, State Department: Deleted “The Cambodia spokesperson” and added “A media officer” and “in Geneva” in Section 1b at the request of OHCHR. Cite as. This includes cases in which the victim(s) has not been found. Reference does not indicate endorsement by the U.S. Department of State. This includes cases in which the victims have not been found. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Many governments that profess to respect human rights in principle may in fact secretly order or tacitly condone violations or abuses. http://www.ifes.org, Ideanet International Disability Rights Monitor: We have provided links to relevant sources rather than repeat the data in the text of the reports. The Department seeks to identify those groups (for example, government forces) or individuals for whom available evidence indicates probable involvement in human rights violations or abuses or other problematic conduct. “Forced or compulsory labor” is defined as work or service exacted under the menace of penalty and for which a person has not volunteered. http://www.unicef.org/sowc04/ and Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. Technical Editors: Jessica Adams, Dhuha Baig, Ryan Jolley. Freedom of Expression, including for the Press: Evaluates whether freedom of expression, including for members of the media, is respected and describes any direct or indirect restrictions, including intimidation of journalists and censorship. Significant human rights issues included: unlawful or arbitrary killings, including extrajudicial killings by the government or its agents; forced disappearance by the government or its agents; torture and cases of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment by the government or its agents; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary or unlawful detentions; arbitrary or … Direct discrimination exists when laws, rules, or practices explicitly cite a particular ground (such as sex, race, religion, political opinion, national or social origin, etc.) Recognizing that there is work to be done at home, we are also striving to live up to our highest ideals and principles and are committed to working toward a fairer and more just society in the United States. http://www.yorku.ca/drpi/, Administration and Cost of Elections Project: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/, UN Population Fund: Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, An official website of the United States government, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard, www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf, http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc_progress.html, https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.530?lang=en, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/index.html, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, https://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/SOTA_Synthesis_2016_FINAL.pdf, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/, https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/en/, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx, https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/ipeoples/Pages/IndigenousPeoplesIndex.aspx, https://www.amnestyusa.org/issues/gender-sexuality-identity/, www.humanrightsfirst.org/discrimination/pages.aspx?id=157, www.hrw.org/en/category/topic/lgbt-rights, http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries, https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Scholars-at-Risk-Free-to-Think-2019.pdf. The Department strives to make the reports comprehensive, objective, and uniform in scope. An example is a reduction in information on prison conditions when there have not been allegations of inadequate conditions. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices; Inaugural Address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., as Prepared for Delivery at the United States Capitol; American Citizen Services Newsletter; Joint Statement of the United States, the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the State of … The subsection on Women discusses violence against women, such as domestic violence, rape, female genital mutilation/cutting, dowry deaths, and “honor killings.” Information is included on any government tolerance of, and efforts to prevent, such practices, as well as the extent to which women have access to equality of economic opportunity and protection from discrimination and sexual harassment. Under certain regional instruments, such as the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, the term refugee may also refer to persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety, or freedom have been threatened by, among other things, generalized violence or internal conflict. “A minimum age for employment” is related to the effective abolition of child labor because it requires a minimum age for employment that is consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young people. According to its constitution, Egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and unicameral legislature. Multiple concerned bureaus and offices in the Department of State provide contributions, and the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor prepares a final draft of each Country Report. “A minimum age for employment” is related to the effective abolition of child labor because it requires a minimum age for employment that is consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young people. Acts of Congress mandate the annual submission of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. Any reports of the unlawful use of child soldiers by either government forces or by other organized armed groups are discussed in this subsection. The ILO has also exempted certain forms of prison labor, but only to the extent that such labor is exacted as a consequence of a conviction in a court of law and carried out under the supervision and control of a public authority, and provided that the prisoner is not hired out to or placed at the disposal of private entities. After the carnage of World War II, members of the global community sought to chart a new path by committing themselves to recognize and defend those rights that transcend all national boundaries because they are, by common understanding, rooted in our shared sense of humanity. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. § 2464, 2467 also require that U.S. foreign and trade policy take into account countries’ human rights and worker rights performance and that country reports be submitted to the Congress on an annual basis. The subsection discusses reported occurrences without analysis of whether they fit any precise definition, and it includes reported uses of physical and other force that may fall short of torture but which may be cruel, inhuman, or degrading. The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights … Freedom of Movement: Discusses whether and under what circumstances governments exiled citizens; restricted internal and foreign travel, including for women or members of minority populations; and revoked passports. Information on anti-Semitism also appears in section 6 under a heading by that name. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association: Evaluates the ability of individuals, including with others (such as through political parties) to exercise these freedoms. Any reports of the unlawful use of child soldiers by either government forces or by other organized armed groups are discussed in this subsection. http://www.aceproject.org/, IFES – Democracy at Large: To comply with the congressional requirement for reporting on human rights practices, the Department provides guidance to U.S. diplomatic missions annually in July for submission of updated reports in September and October. Such links are consolidated in Appendix C. Evaluating the credibility of reports of human rights violations and abuses remains difficult. www.ilga-europe.org, Mulabi (covering Latin America): Accordingly, the reports use “generally respected” as a standard phrase to describe countries that attempt to protect and promote human rights in the fullest sense, and it is thus the highest level of respect for human rights assigned by these reports. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. U.S. law requires annual reporting to Congress on the status of internationally recognized worker rights in countries that are eligible to receive benefits under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). U.S. diplomatic missions abroad prepared the initial drafts of the individual country reports. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. This is not a UNHCR publication. Disappearance: Covers cases in which the government may be involved in the detention, abduction, or disappearance of the victim(s), and refuses to account for the whereabouts or fate of the victim(s). Meanwhile in Cuba, government restrictions continued to suppress the freedoms of expression, association, religion or belief, and movement. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices cover internationally recognized civil and political rights, including those set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as worker rights. We have provided links to relevant sources rather than repeat the data in the text of the reports. The subsection on stateless persons examines whether a country has habitual residents who are legally stateless (not recognized as nationals under the laws of any state) or de facto stateless (not recognized as nationals by any state even if these individuals have a claim to nationality under the laws of a particular state). http://mics.unicef.org/, World Health Organization: Executive Summary. Reporting on restrictions on the ability of workers to strike generally includes information on any procedures that may exist for safeguarding workers’ interests. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx, United Nations Enable: http://disabilityrightsintl.org, Mobility International USA: Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
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