The other subsystems of PASTEC became inactive according to their life expectancy. 14). Many are in groups of 30-40 satellites, and fly in a "chain" formation. either sent directly to Earth, if a receiving station is within range of the satellite, or SPOT-7 satellite will ensure service continuity of SPOT-7, SPOT- 4 and SPOT-5 satellites, which have been operating since 1998 and 2002. SILEX consists of two optical terminals, namely PASTEL on board of SPOT-4 (a LEO terminal) on the anti-Earth side of the SPOT platform, and OPALE, mounted on ESA's geostationary satellite ARTEMIS (a GEO terminal). This new transmission channel used (incorporating a telescope, a calibration system and other devices). Only 25 images were lost during the whole mission due to X-band station failure. subsystem, increased size of the attitude control subsystem). Calibration accuracy: interband and multitemporal =3%, absolute = 5%; TFOV = 101º (swath width of about 2200 km); pixel size = 1.15 km at nadir; location accuracy < 0.5 km, local distortion <0.3 pixel, collocation with HRVIR sensor data = 0.3 km for simultaneous acquisitions. The objective is the measurement of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, aerosol extinction, and temperature. Laser links have the potential to offer much higher transmission rates (up to 10 Gbit/s) than conventional radio links which are limited to rates of about 250 Mbit/s. viewing angle to the left of the ground track while the other sets its mirror to obtain an The SPOT earth observation system designed by CNES began operations in February 1986. The instrument consists of a receiver (MVR- range rate measuring device), a USO (Ultrastable Oscillator) and an omnidirectional antenna, all carried on the host satellite. ITC Satellites and Sensors Database SPOT 4 Launched in: 1998: Out of service since: 2013: Repeat cycle: 26 days: Orbit height: 832 km: Orbit type: Sun Synchronous: Organisation: CNES - France End-of-life 29 June 2013. SPOT products monitor your location, connecting to emergency responders while out of cellular range. Après 14 ans et 9 mois de bons et loyaux services, le satellite d'observation de la Terre Spot 4 a capté la région de Mendoza en Argentine, dernière prise de vue dans le cadre de sa mission initiale. This capability will significantly enhance the SPOT-4's housekeeping telemetry coverage. The ESBT is independent of the host satellite's mission, its only direct contact with the SPOT system being through the SPOT-4 operations control center. The SPOT Earth observation system designed by CNES and operated by its subsidiary, Spot 12), • On June 25, 2011, SPOT-4 captured a new volcano eruption in Chile (Figure 7). • CNES was planning for June 2013 to begin the long process of de-orbiting SPOT-4 for a reentry into Earth’s atmosphere at some point within the next 25 years. For instance, one instrument acquires an image with the greatest possible Imagery satellite SPOT-4 is part of the second generation of satellites in the SPOT series. This was an important development upon previous SPOT satellites due to its inclusion of a ‘Vegetation‘ instrument.This instrument obtains data from four distinct spectral bands and has provided continuous worldwide crop monitoring between March 24, 1998 and Jan, 29, 2013. • On January 11, 2013, the commercial operations of the SPOT-4 satellite were terminated. 4), conc¸u par le CNES, est op´erationnel depuis 1998. • Absolute calibration to measure the instrument's dynamic responsivity by establishing a precise relationship between a perfectly stable external source (the sun) and the instrument's output signal. The propulsion module consists of a frame made of aluminum bars and two capillary tanks holding 158 kg of hydrazine. Spot-4, l'espion des champs. Jus u’en 2024, SPOT 6 et SPOT 7 fourniront des poduits d’une ésolution de 1,5 m couvrant des zones étendues. These supply the thrusters which are used to control onboard intelligence. image to the right of the ground track. second). The two HRVIRs for High Resolution Visible and Infrared, are Figure 1: General view of the SPOT-4 spacecraft in orbit (image credit: CNES). Each satellite supports 89 beams, giving a total coverage of approximately one-third of the Earth's surface per satellite. The wavelengths and bandwidths of the science channels differ slightly from those in POAM-II and are given in Table 3. An image of the sun is formed with a fused silica plano-convex lens having a clear aperture of 11 mm, a nominal focal length of 63 mm, and an f-number of f/5.7. Le lancement This coverage was introduced with the I-4 satellites. However its performance has been increased by adding a new shortwave infrared spectral Weight. SPOT LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Globalstar, Inc. (NYSE American: GSAT) and leader in satellite messaging and emergency notification technologies, today announced SPOT Gen4™, the next generation of the SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger™. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-4. 10-day predictions. subsystems (solar array, energy storage, performance of the onboard data handling tanks holding 158 kg of hydrazine. The main • Since April 1, 2003, ARTEMIS has been routinely providing high-data-rate links to SPOT-4 of CNES and to Envisat of ESA. The SPOT Gen4 is a compact, rugged, hand-held personnel tracker that supports location tracking and WHS (OH&S) check-in scheduling, as well as help and duress functions. • 1 jour avec SPOT 6 et SPOT 7 exploités simultanément • Entre 1 et 3 jours avec un seul satellite exploité 1 Agilité de pointage Les gyosopes CMG pemettent des manœuv es apides dans toutes les dietions pou le ilage de plusieus zones d’intéêt los d’une même passe (30° en 14 s, temps de stabilisation inclus) Features. In March 1998 the SPOT 4 satellite added its new capabilities to the SPOT family. SPOT Gen4 lets family, friends, and colleagues know you are OK, or if the unexpected should happen, sends your GPS location to emergency responders all with the push of a button. Il compl`ete la famille SPOT en ´elargissant sa mission pour permettre de mieux r´epondre aux besoins des utilisateurs d’images spatiales. Eruptions of this volcano range can be very explosive, as it sits atop the Peru-Chile Trench where the Nazca Plate is sliding under the South American Plate at a rate of 7 cm a year. At the time, ARTEMIS was still in a parking orbit (the geostationary orbit was reached in January 2003 by means of electric propulsion). Whereas each station in the CNES TT&C network provides just 10 to 15 minutes of contact time per pass, the ESBT will offer 30 to 40 minutes continuous contact as a result of the considerably longer periods of contact between SPOT-4 and ARTEMIS (and considerably longer periods of contact between SPOT 4 and Artemis). Since 1986 the SPOT family of satellites has been orbiting the Earth and has already taken more than 10 million high quality images. 9). • PASTEL (PAssager SPOT de Técommunication Laser). Each I-4 satellite provides around 200 narrow spot beams. Both the optical and Ka-band links are providing very-high-quality image transmission. SPOT Gen4 gives you a critical, life-saving line of communication when your travels go beyond the boundaries of cell service. The SPOT-4 S/C design differs from the earlier SPOT series (SPOT-1,2,3) in the following aspects: five years design lifetime instead of three; a new extended platform design, the SPOT-4 satellite bus referred to as SPOT MK2, [provided by MMS (Matra Marconi Space), Toulouse] and service module are employed accommodating twice the payload of the former SPOT 3 bus). The next step is to propel it into the operational orbit, just described, and to 'position' it with respect to the other SPOT satellites currently in orbit (SPOT 1 and SPOT 2). 7) Laurence Houpert, Frédéric Daniaud, Olivier Hagolle, Sylvia Sylvander, Jordane Sarda, Sylvain Ramos, Grégory Beaumet, R. Broca, Michel Moulin, Lionel Vintenat, Jean-Marc Walter, François Rimbert, Michael Wheeler, Jean-Pascal Chognard, Steeve Maitrel, Jérôme Bijac, Jean-Louis Raynaud, J. Recoules, L. Bray, “Take five experiment : using end of SPOT-4 satellite operational life for simulating the future Sentinel-2 mission,” Proceedings of the 64th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2013), Beijing, China, Sept. 23-27, 2013, paper: IAC-13-B6.2.10, 8) “SPOT 4 undertakes new mission before being de-orbited,” Astrium Services, 2013, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4612-spot-4-undertakes-new-mission-before-being-de-orbited, 9) “A new French Data Center dedicated to Land Surfaces,” CESBIO, Jan. 9, 2013, URL: http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/multitemp/?tag=products, 10) “End of commercial operations of SPOT 4 satellite,” ScanEx RDC, Jan. 15, 2013, URL: http://press.scanex.ru/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3724:spot4&lang=en, 11) J. N. Hourcastagnou, P. Cales, “GSCB Workshop Presentation SPOT / AstroTerra,” 3rd GSCB (Ground Segment Coordination Body) Workshop, 2012, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, June 6-7, 2012, URL: http://earth.esa.int/gscb/papers/2012/16b-ASTRIUM_SPOT-AstoTerra.pdf, 12) Information provided by Laurence Houpert of CNES (for the SPOT mission team), Toulouse, France, 13) “New Volcano Eruption in Chile,” Astrium, 2011, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/153-new-volcano-eruption-in-chile, 14) Information provided by Laurence Houpert of CNES, Toulouse, France, 15) “Archive hits 100 billion sq.km,” SPOT magazine No 48, 1st semester 2010, 16) “SPOT 4 opened the 2010 imaging season,” URL: http://mycoordinates.org/spot-4-opened-the-2010-imaging-season/, 17) Information provided by Frédéric Tavera, SPOT Mission Exploitation Manager of CNES, Toulouse, France, 18) “Operational monitoring of wildfires,” SPOT magazine No 49, 2nd semester 2010, 19) http://www.csrsr.ncu.edu.tw/.../Update%20SPOT%204.pdf, 20) “A world first: data transmission between European satellites using laser light,” Nov. 21, 2001, URL: http://eu.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=6668, 21) “Perfect images transmitted via a laser link between Artemis and SPOT 4,” Dec. 6, 2001, URL: http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAI8MZ84UC_index_0.html, 22) http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/hrvir.htm, 23) Information provided by T. Genet of CNES, Toulouse, 24) R. H. Frazer, Z. Li, R. Landry, “SPOT Vegetation for characterizing boreal forest fires,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. Available in many resolutions, SPOT 6/7 offers continuity of the SPOT constellation first launched in 1986. SPOT sells affordable satellite safety devices, delivering reliable location-based tracking, messaging and lifesaving S.O.S. 104, D15, Aug. 20, 1999, pp. The ARTEMIS downlink to the ground segment link uses conventional radio transmission (Ka-band). The SPOT 4 satellite carries on-board a low-resolution wide-coverage instrument for monitoring the continental biosphere and to monitor crops. ESBT is a DSP-based satellite Earth station modem capable of handling data bit rates from 128 to 32768 bit/s in steps of 1 bit/s. Ce satellite d’observation de la terre, deuxième génération, est toujours en service, mais se trouve en fin de vie. The SPOT-4 DORIS package includes experimental software (DORIS/DIODE experiment) to provide the POD (Precise Orbit Determination) function in real-time to within <0.3 m on the radial component. Découvrir + de 0. sauvetages effectués. Explore Magazine editor David Webb takes a look at the brand-new SPOT Gen4 satellite GPS messenger. The electrical design and computer systems are unchanged. innovation is the addition of a channel in the shortwave infrared spectrum (SWIR - 1.5 to A PCEM (Primary Control and Electronics Module) with a mass of 11 kg is mounted inside the S/C. A first TAKE5 data set, the first production of THEIA (French Land Data Center), was released on July 15, 2013. The switch onto the redundant system has fixed the problem. Commander. In January 2010, SPOT-4 was again maneuvered to the correct nominal altitude - after having achieved a separation of 138º between SPOT-4 and SPOT-5, corresponding to almost 40 minutes in relative time; only 2.8 kg of hydrazine were being used (Ref. Figure 18: Photo of the SILEX PASTEL instrument (image credit: EADS Astrium), Figure 19: Location of the SILEX PASTEL instrument on SPOT-4 (image credit: CNES). It has a coverage area that includes a large portion of the planet, with the exception of extreme northern and southern latitudes and parts of the Pacific Ocean. The output voltage signals are fed to a multiplexer (prior to this, SWIR voltages are adjusted for dark current values), then to a single analog to digital converter(ADC). 29) 30), Table 3: Spectral coverage of the POAM-III instrument. Le lancement et la mise à poste de SPOT 4. This pointing accuracy is several orders of magnitude lower (i.e., better) than open-loop pointing of a typical platform. independently. Figure 16: View of the DORIS antenna (left) and MVR (right), image credit: CNES. Vegetation payload parameters: mass = 152 kg, power = 200 W, instrument size = 0.7 m x 1 m x 1 m, data transmit frequencies in X-band (8153 MHz) at 3.4 Mbit/s, and L-band (1704 MHz), data rate of sensor (L-band) = 510 kbit/s. (PEB) and two HRVIR imaging instruments and Vegetation. SPOT-1 : 17 years, SPOT-2 : 19 years, SPOT-3 : 3 years, SPOT-4 : 15 years, SPOT-5 : 13 years Spot Conceived by CNES, the SPOT programme orbited 5 satellites from 1986 to 2015, revealing Earth’s surface in increasing detail and paving the way for a plethora of applications including mapping, vegetation monitoring, land use and land cover, and the impacts of natural disasters. La maquette a été prêtée par le Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES). On suppose que le satellite, de centre d'inertie C, est un solide ponctuel. The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: ”Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors” (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. Launch: The SPOT-4 spacecraft was launched on March 24, 1998 on an Ariane-4 vehicle from Kourou. Nombre de satellites 2 Période de lancement SPOT 6 : T3 2012 SPOT 7 : T1 2014 Durée de vie nominale 10 ans Taille Module de service : ~ 1 ,55 x 1 ,75 x 2 ,7 m Envergure des panneaux solaires : 5,4 … SPOT was the French government-sponsored civil earth observation program. Nous allons vous décrire le satellite SPOT 4 et en particulier sa composition et ses données techniques. Like its predecessors, Gen4 offers safety assurance with a push button S.O.S. Orbit: Sun-synchronous circular orbit, altitude = 832 km, inclination = 98.8º, repeat cycle of 26 days, period = 101.5 min, descending node at 10:30 AM (equatorial crossing time). The azimuth and elevation axes move the line-of-sight parallel and perpendicular to the Earth's horizon. • Infoterra France SAS, a subsidiary of Astrium, has merged with Spot Image SA effective 3 May 2010. Figure 7: SPOT-4 image (June 25, 2011) of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano range 800 km south of Santiago, Chile (image credit: Astrium Geo-Information Services), • The SPOT-4 spacecraft and its payload are “operating nominally” in 2011. • The SPOT-4 spacecraft and its payload are “operating nominally” in 2010 (> 12 years of serv16)ice provision). Spectral ranges: B1=0.50 - 0.59 µm, B2=0.61 - 068 µm, B3=0.79 - 0.89 µm, SWIR= 1.58 - 1.75 µm (a supplementary band in the 20 m multispectral mode at 1.58-1.75 µm is provided). All sensors are processed by a single high precision 11 bit ADC, thus completely by-passing the problem of electronic interband calibration. - In 2010, SPOT-4 lost the solid state memory (MdM) use capability, linked with the switch performed on the redundant chain in the TMCU. The 3000 detectors required to achieve a ground resolution of 20 m are aligned in a plane by assembling ten ”bricks” end to end, each brick comprising 300 CCD detectors. Type: Military surveillance satellite. En mars 1998, le satellite SPOT 4 a complété la famille SPOT en élargissant sa mission pour permettre à Spot Image de mieux répondre aux besoins des utilisateurs maintenant familiarisés avec l’utilisation des images spatiales. The measurement technique is by solar occultation through the Earth's atmospheric limb at nine wavelengths from the UV to NIR. That way, when you see the first satellite in a chain, the rest will follow behind in that chain. In addition, the two HRVIR sensors can be programmed for independent image acquisition (viewing directions of both sensors are independent). It enables repeated observations of the same area at 4 satellite added its new capabilites to the SPOT family thus enabling Spot Image to
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